Investigator's Brochure
For anyone preparing or reviewing an IB: what a well constructed, fully compliant brochure needs to contain.
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The IMPD looks deceptively straightforward until someone has to write it. This guide shows how to build it as the sponsor’s scientific argument that the product is sufficiently characterised, manufactured and controlled for use in a clinical trial, in the EU and in the UK.
Six things you will be able to do after reading this guide.
How much information is enough for the stage of development and the risk of the proposed clinical exposure.
From drug substance and manufacture through to non-clinical exposure, human exposure and risk.
Characterisation, impurities, specifications and stability: what regulators raise most often.
Why biological products need a different mindset, and how to keep a product history that supports comparability.
How pharmacology, toxicology and exposure come together, from NOAEL to MABEL.
The UK’s amended regulations from 28 April 2026, simplified IMPDs and cross-referencing.
Three quick questions taken from the guide. Test what you already know.
0of 3 correct so far
Question 1 of 3
When did the UK’s amended Clinical Trials Regulations take full effect?
Question 2 of 3
What share of clinical trial applications need additional information before they are considered approvable?
Question 3 of 3
When comparing species, what is usually more informative than the dose in mg/kg?
The guide covers each of these in depth, from the quality section to the risk-benefit assessment.
Download the free guideA few of the 21 pages, so you know exactly what you are getting.
The answer is not to dump every bit of information you have into your IMPD. Your focus should be on providing the information necessary to establish that the product is adequately characterised and controlled for the proposed exposure, supported by an appropriate non-clinical package and a scientifically justified starting dose.
Most stakeholders tend to be aware and confident of their abilities. However, a medical writer can be extremely useful, particularly when the dossier involves multiple contributors and needs to become a coherent regulatory document. But a medical writer cannot manufacture missing scientific knowledge. The best arrangement is usually multidisciplinary. Subject matter experts generate and interpret the evidence; regulatory specialists determine the applicable requirements; and an experienced writer integrates the information into a consistent narrative. The writer’s job is not simply to make the document readable. It is to make the evidence understandable. That is a different skill.
Since the advent of Brexit an ever more relevant question has been how different are the EU and UK IMPDs. Suffice to say that scientifically, they should ideally be remarkably similar. Regulatorily, they need not be identical. For a multinational development programme, maintaining a controlled core dossier can avoid unnecessary duplication while allowing jurisdiction-specific requirements to be incorporated.
Earlier than many sponsors do. Regulatory advice is particularly valuable when the product, development pathway or manufacturing process creates an unusual problem for which existing guidance does not provide a straightforward answer. The MHRA explicitly states that sponsors can seek scientific advice at any stage of medicine development. The objective should not be to ask the regulator to tell you how to write the development strategy. It is to test the proposed strategy against the regulator’s expectations before an avoidable problem becomes embedded in the programme.
The IMPD’s companion document: what a well-constructed, fully compliant brochure needs to contain.
IMPDs, Investigator’s Brochures, protocols and submission documents written to agency standards.
Clinical trial applications to the MHRA and EU, from strategy to responses to questions.